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EN 1991-4:2026

Eurocode 1 - Actions on structures - Part 4: Silos and tanks

Edition date: 2026-03-18
In Force
Available languages: English, French
Summary: 1.1 Scope of EN 1991-4 (1) This document provides rules for calculating actions for the structural design of silos and tanks. NOTE 1 Silos are used for the storage of particulate solids. Tanks are used for the storage of liquids. NOTE 2 For limitations on rules for silos given in this document, see 1.3. NOTE 3 For limitations on rules for tanks given in this document, see 1.4. (2) This document includes some provisions for actions on silo and tank structures that are not only associated with the stored particulate solids or liquids (e.g. the effects of thermal differentials) but substantially affected by them. NOTE Liquid loads on tanks are very precisely defined. Many loads on silos are not known with great precision. This document provides guidance for many practical situations for which very limited certain knowledge is available, and the information is derived from the limited experimental and analytical information available, coupled with conclusions drawn from failure investigations. The information is not based on a sound statistical treatment of experimental data. (3) This document is intended for use with concrete, steel, aluminium, timber and FRP storage structures. NOTE FRP is the standard acronym for fibre reinforced polymer materials. (4) This document is also applicable for the structural assessment of existing silos and tanks, unless otherwise specified by the relevant authority or, if not specified, agreed between the relevant parties for the specific project. NOTE 1 Changes in filling or discharge arrangements, changes in the wall friction of inner surfaces, or in the use of the silo, including storage of different particulate solids, can be reasons for assessing existing silos. NOTE 2 Differentiation of the liquid stored can be a reason for assessing existing tanks. 1.2 Assumptions (1) The assumptions of EN 1990-1 apply. (2) This document is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1990 1, with the other parts of EN 1991, EN 1992, EN 1993, EN 1995, EN 1997, EN 1998 and EN 1999 where relevant to the design of silos and tanks. 1.3 Limitations on silos 1.3.1 Geometrical limitations (1) The following geometrical limitations apply to the design rules for silos and silo batteries (see 3.2.59 and 3.2.60) covered by this document: - the silo planform cross-section shapes are limited to those shown in Figure 1.1c. NOTE 1 Further information concerning planform cross-section geometries is given in Clause 7. NOTE 2 For the determination of the effective diameter dc of the silo see Figure 1.1c; - the following dimensional limitations on the aspect ratio for free-standing single cell silos hc/dc, the overall height hb and the effective diameter dc apply (see Figure 1.1): hc/dc < 10 (1.1) hb < 100 m (1.2) dc < 60 m (1.3) NOTE 3 See Figure 1.1 for hc, dc and hb. - the structural transition lies in a single horizontal plane (see Figure 1.1a). [Figure 1.1 - Silo forms showing dimensions and pressure notation] (2) Only hoppers that are conical (i.e. axisymmetric), rectangular pyramidal with a/b ≤ 1,5, wedge-shaped (i.e. with two vertical end walls on opposite sides) or oblique are covered by this document. Other hopper shapes and hoppers with internal structures require special considerations. (3) Silos with an oblique conical hopper used to achieve an eccentric outlet are covered by this document. (4) Silos with an oblique hopper are covered, but generally silos with a systematically non-symmetric geometry are not specifically covered by this document. These situations include a chisel hopper (i.e. a wedge hopper beneath a circular cylinder) and hoppers with an elongated outlet other than wedge shaped. 1.3.2 Limitations on the stored particulate solids (1) The following limitations on the stored particulate solids apply to the design rules for silos contained in this document: ...

1.1 Anwendungsbereich von EN 1991-4 (1) EN 1991-4 enthält Regeln für die Berechnung von Einwirkungen auf Silos und Flüssigkeitsbehälter für die Tragwerksplanung. ANMERKUNG 1 Silos werden für die Lagerung von Schüttgütern verwendet. Flüssigkeitsbehälter werden für die Lagerung von Flüssigkeiten verwendet. ANMERKUNG 2 Eingrenzungen der in diesem Dokument enthaltenen Regeln für Silos siehe 1.3. ANMERKUNG 3 Eingrenzungen der in diesem Dokument enthaltenen Regeln für Flüssigkeitsbehälter siehe 1.4. (2) EN 1991-4 enthält auch einige Bestimmungen für Einwirkungen auf Silos und Flüssigkeitsbehälter, die nicht nur in Zusammenhang mit den gelagerten Schüttgütern oder Flüssigkeiten stehen (z. B. Auswirkungen von Temperaturunterschieden), sondern die wesentlich von ihnen beeinflusst werden. ANMERKUNG Die von Flüssigkeiten auf Flüssigkeitsbehälter ausgeübten Lasten sind sehr präzise definiert. Viele auf Silos wirkende Lasten sind nicht mit hoher Genauigkeit bekannt. Dieses Dokument bietet einen Leitfaden für zahlreiche praktische Situationen, in denen nur sehr wenig gesichertes Wissen vorhanden ist und die Informationen aus den verfügbaren begrenzten experimentellen und analytischen Informationen in Kombination mit Schlussfolgerungen aus der Untersuchung von Versagensfällen abgeleitet werden. Die Informationen basieren nicht auf einer robusten statistischen Verarbeitung experimenteller Daten. (3) EN 1991-4 ist für Lagerbauwerke aus Beton, Stahl, Aluminium, Holz und FKV vorgesehen. ANMERKUNG FKV ist das Standardakronym für Faser-Kunststoff-Verbundwerkstoffe. (4) EN 1991-4 ist ebenfalls anwendbar für die Tragwerksbewertung bestehender Silos und Flüssigkeitsbehälter, sofern nicht anders von der zuständigen Behörde festgelegt oder, sofern keine Festlegungen getroffen wurden, für das jeweilige Projekt zwischen den beteiligten Parteien vereinbart. ANMERKUNG 1 Gründe für die Bewertung bestehender Silos können Änderungen der Bedingungen bei Füllen oder Entleeren, der Wandreibung der inneren Oberflächen oder der Verwendung des Silos, einschließlich der Lagerung unterschiedlicher Schüttgüter, sein. ANMERKUNG 2 Differenzierung der gelagerten Flüssigkeit kann ein Grund für die Bewertung bestehender Flüssigkeitsbehälter sein. 1.2 Annahmen (1) Es gelten die Annahmen von EN 1990. (2) EN 1991-4 ist im Zusammenhang mit EN 1990, mit den weiteren Teilen der Reihen EN 1991, EN 1992, EN 1993, EN 1995, EN 1997, EN 1998 und EN 1999, sofern für die Bemessung von Silos und Flüssigkeitsbehältern maßgebend, anwendbar. 1.3 Eingrenzungen bei Silos 1.3.1 Geometrische Eingrenzungen (1) Für die Anwendung der Bemessungsregeln für die von diesem Dokument behandelten Silos und Silobatterien (siehe 3.2.59 und 3.2.60) gelten folgende geometrische Eingrenzungen: - die Siloquerschnittsformen sind auf die in Bild 1.1c gezeigten begrenzt. ANMERKUNG 1 Weitere Informationen zu Querschnittsgeometrien sind in Abschnitt 7 enthalten. ANMERKUNG 2 Zur Bestimmung des effektiven Silodurchmessers dc siehe Bild 1.1c. - es gelten die folgenden Maßgrenzen für die Schlankheit bei freistehenden Einzelzellensilos hc/dc, die Gesamthöhe hb und den effektiven Durchmesser dc (siehe Bild 1.1): hc/dc < 10 (1.1) hb < 100 m (1.2) dc < 60 m (1.3) ANMERKUNG 3 Siehe Bild 1.1 zu hc, dc und hb. - der Tragwerksübergang vom vertikalen Siloschaft in den Trichter erfolgt in einer einzigen horizontalen Ebene (siehe Bild 1.1a). ...

1.1 Domaine d'application de l'EN 1991-4 (1) Le présent document donne des règles pour calculer les actions pour le calcul structural des silos et des réservoirs. NOTE 1 Les silos sont utilisés pour le stockage des matières granulaires. Les réservoirs sont utilisés pour le stockage des liquides. NOTE 2 Pour les limites des règles relatives aux silos données dans le présent document, voir 1.3. NOTE 3 Pour les limites des règles relatives aux réservoirs données dans le présent document, voir 1.4. (2) Le présent document contient aussi certaines indications concernant les actions sur les structures des silos et réservoirs qui ne sont pas liées aux matières granulaires ou aux liquides stockés (par exemple les effets thermiques différentiels), mais qui sont considérablement affectées par eux. NOTE Les charges de liquides sur les réservoirs sont définies de manière très précise. De nombreuses charges sur les silos ne sont pas connues avec grande précision. Ce document fournit des recommandations pour de nombreuses situations pratiques pour lesquelles les connaissances certaines sont très limitées, et les informations sont dérivées des informations expérimentales et analytiques limitées disponibles, associées à des conclusions tirées d'analyses de défaillances. Les informations ne sont pas basées sur un traitement statistique solide de données expérimentales. (3) Le présent document est destinée à être utilisée pour les structures de stockage en béton, en acier, en aluminium, en bois et en FRP. NOTE FRP est l'acronyme normalisé pour les matériaux polymères renforcés de fibres. (4) Le présent document est également applicable à l'évaluation structurelle des silos et des réservoirs existants, sauf indication contraire de l’autorité compétente ou, à défaut, selon accord entre les parties concernées pour le projet spécifique. NOTE 1 Des modifications dans les dispositifs de remplissage ou de vidange, des changements du frottement des parois dus à des réparations ou à des modifications des surfaces internes, ou encore un changement d’utilisation du silo, y compris le stockage de différents solides particulaires, peuvent constituer des raisons d’évaluer les changements d’usage des silos existants. NOTE 2 Une variation du liquide stocké peut constituer une raison d’évaluer les réservoirs existants. 1.2 Hypothèses (1) Les hypothèses données dans l'EN 1990-1 s'appliquent. (2) Le présent document est destinée à être utilisée conjointement avec l'EN 1990-1, et les autres parties de l'EN 1991, de l'EN 1992, de l'EN 1993, de l'EN 1995, de l'EN 1997, de l'EN 1998 et de l'EN 1999 lorsqu'elles sont pertinentes pour le calcul des silos et des réservoirs. 1.3 Limites concernant les silos 1.3.1 Limites géométriques (1) Les règles de calcul données pour les silos et groupes de silos par le présent document (voir 3.2.59 et 3.2.60) sont valables avec les limites géométriques suivantes : - les formes de section transversale plane des silos sont limitées à celles indiquées à la Figure 1.1c. NOTE 1 Des informations complémentaires concernant les géométries des sections planes sont données à l'Article 7. NOTE 2 Pour la détermination du diamètre effectif dc du silo, voir la Figure 1.1c. - les limites dimensionnelles suivantes relatives au rapport d’aspect pour les silos monocellulaires autoportants hc/dc, la hauteur totale hb et le diamètre effectif dc s'appliquent (voir Figure 1.1) : hc/dc < 10 (1.1) hb < 100 m (1.2) dc < 60 m (1.3) NOTE 3 Voir figure 1.1 pour hc , dc et hb - la transition structurale se situe dans un plan horizontal unique (voir la Figure 1.1a). [Figure 1.1 - Formes et dimensions de silos et notation des pressions] ...

ICS: 91.040.01-Buildings in general, 91.010.30-Technical aspects
CTN: CEN/TC 250 - 6231

Modificaciones Normas

Es modificada por EN 1991-4:2026/prA1

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